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    kiranmam2000
    Apr 09, 2021
    Edited: Apr 09, 2021

    Introduction to Upanishads – Class 9. Ishavasya Upanishad video link, Revision Slides

    in Introduction to Upanishads

    Contributed By Dr Thimappa Hegde

    Click here For Lecture Video

    Isavasya Upanishad by Swami Parmarthananda. Transcribed by Sri Venkatesan available at arshaavinash,in website

    GannaanaamTvaaGanna-PatimHavaamahe

    KavimKaviinaam-Upama-Shravastamam |

    Jyessttha-Raajam

    Brahmannaam Brahmannaspata

    Aa Nah Shrnnvan-UutibhihSiidaSaadanam

    Om Shri MahaGanadipathayeNamaha


    ISHA Upanishad – Class 9

    12th MARCH 2021


    Summary of Previous Class

    Contributed by Ullas


    Kaivalya Upanishad

    •Atharvana Veda, 25 mantras

    •Shanti Patha – Bhadram Karnebhihi

    •Fitness of all faculties, protection from gods and obstacle free study. May we perceive everything that is auspicious i.e. Brahman

    •Om Atha – 4 fold qualifications

    •Student approaches the guru with reverence and seeks

    •the highest secret knowledge, removes all sins, merge in Supreme



    Summary of Verses

    1.Only one means of liberation – Jnana

    2.Shraddha (S), Bhakti (M), Dhyana (N) are prerequisites

    3.Vairagya: Karma, money, children or fame will not help

    •Nakam: Freedom from pain

    4.Stages – KY to purify, UY to concentrate the mind. JY to know I and Brahman are same. Firm commitment = liberation

    5.Methods of meditation

    6.(&7) Turn the attention inward and meditate on eka, aneka, aroopa Ishvara – formless, non-dual, blissful etc.

    8.Nirguna brahman takes rajo (brahma), sattva(Vishnu) and tamas(Shiva)

    10.See all in me and me in everything. Only way.

    11.Self Enquiry burns the bondage – Arani.

    12.Waking - Deluded by Maya – we identify with the body and perform actions and enjoy sensual pleasures.

    13.Dream – Subjective experience. Sleep – Bliss under ignorance.

    15.From paramatma arise prana, mind, 5 elements etc.

    16.Mahavakya - You are that Brahman.

    17.I illumine the 3 worlds – liberating knowledge

    18.I am the subject, different from instrument & object (DDV)

    19.Everything is born, based and resolves in me alone.

    20.Nidhidhyasanam – Attributes of Brahman to meditate upon.

    21.I know everything but nothing can know me.

    22.There is no punya, papa, death etc. for me. Nothing belongs to me.

    24. (&25) Greatness of Sri Rudram – takes away all sins, liberates from Samsara.


    Introduction

    Contributed by Dr. Thimappa Hegde


    Shukla Yajurveda Ishavasya Upanishad

    •A small Upanishad only, with 18 mantras

    •Brihadarnyaka Upanishad has over 400

    •The 1st word is “Ishavasya” and hence the name

    •Most of the mantras are obscure / no regular meaning


    Two main topics and CharamaPrarthana

    •Comparable to 18 chapters of the Gita

    •Jnana Yoga and Karma Yoga

    •Verses 3 to 8 , and 9 to 14

    •Charama Prarthana 15 to 18

    contains-

    hiraṇmayena pātreṇa satyasyāpihitaṃ mukham | tat tvaṃ pūṣann apāvṛṇu satyadharmāya dṛṣṭaye ||


    Shanthipat

    •Om poornamadah poornamidam

    •Poornaat poornamudachyate Poornasya poornamaadaaya

    •Poornamevaavashishṣyate Om shaantih shaantih shaantih



    Shanthipata

    Contributed by Dr Ravishankar

    Om Purnam-Adah Purnam-Idam

    Purnaat-Purnam-Udacyate |

    Purnasya Purnam-Aadaaya

    Purnam-Eva-Avashisyate ||

    Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||


    Purnam- Infinite or whole

    Adah - Paramatma


    Purnam - Infinite

    Idam - Jivatma


    Paramatma and Jivatma are Infinite

    Jivatma - Paramatma Aikyam


    Purnaat- Purna svarupa Paramatma


    Purnam- Purna svarupa Jivatma

    Udacyate - Originates

    Standpoint of name and form

    As Infinite cannot arise from Infinite




    Purnasya - Essential Purnam Nature belongs to both Jivatma and Paramatma

    Purnam - Purna Svarupam

    Adaaya - Grasp and Separate


    Grasp water nature of wave and Ocean

    Separate Water From Wave and Ocean


    1.Jivatma -Paramatma Aikyam

    Essentially (Nirupadika - No Relationship =ADVAITA)

    2.Non -Essentially(Sopadika - Superficial relationship -

    Karya - Karana sambandha

    3. Essential Nature of Jivatma and Paramatma ALONE EXISTS = Satyam

    Sharira trayam and Prapancha Trayam - ANATMA = Mithya


    brahma satyam jagan-mithyä jivo brahmaiva näparah ||


    Verse 1

    Contributed by Smt Chetana


    The 3 Messages

    Mantra 1 line 1 - gives the destination for all the seekers à spiritual knowledge or jnanam

    2 Lifestyles --

    Mantra 1 line 2 - Nivritti marga (sanyasa ashrama)

    Mantra 2 - Pravritti marga (grihastha ashrama)


    īśāvāsyamidaṃsarvaṃyatkiñcajagatyāṃjagatenatyaktenabhuñjīthāmāgṛdhaḥkasyasviddhanam ||

    The entire world – static as well as dynamic – is pervaded by Ishwara – the Supreme Lord.

    Hence enjoy the pleasures in a detached manner. Do not be greedy. This wealth does not belong to anyone.


    •idaṃ sarvaṃ all this

    •yatkiñca jagatyāṃ jagat everything in this world

    •Īśā vāsyam is pervaded by Isa, the Lord

    •tena once you change your perception

    •bhuñjīthā protect yourself from insecurity

    •mā gṛdhaḥdon’t covet

    •kasya anyone else's

    •sviddhanam wealth


    Mantra 1 has 2 messages

    1. Spiritual Goal - Jnanam/ Spiritual Wisdom

    2. Lifestyle - Sanyasa Ashrama / Nivritti Marga


    •Choice with respect to lifestyle – Sannyasa or Grihasta

    •No choice with respect to Spiritual Wisdom

    •For Moksha, Jnanam is compulsory in both lifestyles





    Change our focus from the world to God


    Why should I change my Perception?

    •Ishwara is nityam , stable, reliable

    •World is anityam ,unstable, unreliable

    •For security and stability change your perception to Ishwara

    •This is inner renunciation


    Conclusion

    •Everything is pervaded by Ishwara

    •Ishwara is - the Consciousness in me

    •Then everything belongs to me

    •I develop Vairagya since I am full with happiness, peace and security

    •So give up desires by Inner Renunciation


    Verse 2

    Contributed by ShivakumarYadalam



    Verse 6

    Contributed by Dr. Anupama


    yastu sarvāni bhūtānyātmanyevānupaśyati |

    sarvabhūteṣu cātmāna tato na vijugupsate |


    STAGES OF ATMA JNANA

    0] Before exposure to vedanta

    I am the body with a mind {Atma is unknown}

    1]Atma is in everybody {Atma bahutvam}

    I have an Atma as does everybody else

    2]Everybody is in Atma

    I am the substratum {adishtanam} of everything

    3]Atma eva idagam sarvam{Brahma sathyam jagath mithyam}

    I the Atma am the only reality {Mandukya stage}


    STAGE —1

    •ATMANAM SARVA BHOOTESHU ANUPASHYATI

    •Bhootam=shariram [bodies ]

    •Pashyati = to recognise, understand

    •= aparokshataya janami


    STAGE 1

    •Atma makes my body sentient

    •Everybody has an Atma

    •Both bodies and Atma are plural

    •Atma bahutvam

    •I am in this world {ajnana avastha}


    STAGE -2

    •SARVANI BHOOTANI ATMANI ANUPASHYATI

    • Through shravana,manana and nidithyasana one sees all bodies in the atma

    •I am the sarva adishtanam

    •Anupashyati-

    •Pashyati- Aporokshataya Janami

    •Anu – Backed by Guru Sashatra Upadesha


    AM I IN THIS WORLD?

    •When I am dreaming I say , ‘I am in this dream world’

    •On waking up I say ,`the entire dream world is in me’ .

    •Inference:

    • Ajnana avasthaya –I am in this world .

    • Jnana avasthaya—the world is in me.


    As Lord Krishna said:

    •SARVA BHOOTASTHA ATMANAM

    •SARVA BHOOTANI CHATMANI

    •EEKSHATAE YOGA YUKTA ATMA

    •SARVATRA SAMA DARSHANAH


    A JNANI SEES ATMA IN EVERYBODY & EVERYBODY IN ATMA


    REWARD OF REALISATION

    •TATHO NA VIJUGUPSATAE

    •Meaning:

    • Tatah =tasmath jnanath

    • =by that knowledge

    •Na vijugupsatae=a jnani does not dislike or hate anyone

    • = raga dvesha atitha bhavathi

    HOW DOES THE JNANI TRANSCEND RAGA-DVESHA?

    •A jnani sees himself in everybody

    •This makes him compassionate and loving towards all

    •Consequently, he attains freedom from binding likes and dislikes


    •ADVESHTA SARVA BHOOTANAM

    •MAITRAH KARUNA EVA CHA


    ATMA EVA IDAGAM SARVAM

    •Anatma should be understood as MITHYA

    • non substantial

    • nama-roopa

    •Atma Is the only substance [reality]

    • The substratum [adishtanam] of anatma


    BRAHMA SATHYAM JAGATH MITHYAM




    Anatma being Swallowed by Atma

    Mandukya Stage


    Verse 15

    Contributed by Dr. Netra






    Verse 18+

    Contributed by Dr Thimappa Hegde


    Prayer in Ishavasya Upanishad

    Charama Prarthana



    pūṣannekarṣe yamasūrya prājāpatya

    •vyūha raśmīn samūha |

    •tejo yatte rūpaṃ kalyāṇatamaṃ tatte paśyāmi

    •yo'sāvasau puruṣaḥ so'hamasmi ||

    •

    •O, Nourisher, O the lonely one, O ,Regulator, O Sun, the son of Prajapati,

    •Withdraw Thy rays, So that I may see that which is

    •Thy most auspicious effulgence. The Person that is in Thee, That am I


    vāyuranilamamṛtamathedaṃ bhasmāntaṃ śarīram |

    oṃ krato smara kṛtaṃ smara krato smara kṛtaṃ smara ||

    ‘The Prana in me are about to merge in the immortal Prana

    This body shall be reduced to ashes.

    Om! O mind! Remember; your good deeds.’


    agne naya supathā rāye asmān

    viśvāni deva vayunāni vidvān |

    Yuyodhyasmajjuhurāṇameno

    bhūyiṣṭhāṃ te namauktiṃ vidhema ||

    O Agni, lead, me by the good path that I may enjoy the wealth

    (the fruits of the good deeds we have done).

    You know all my deeds. Lord, destroy the deceitful sin in me.

    We salute Thee with our words again and again.


    GLIMPSE OF NEXT WEEK'S TOPIC- Dr. Thimappa Hegde


    Mandukya Upanishad

    •The Mandukya Upanishad belongs the Atharvana Veda.

    •Manduka which means means a frog.

    •It is the smallest Upanishad with only 12 mantras.

    •This Upanishad is a Sutrabuta Upanishad, helping the student to revise the teaching gained from the rest of the Vedanta.

    •Muktikopanishad saying Mandukya eka eva alam - the study of Mandukya alone is sufficient.


    Gaudapada Karikas

    •Gaudapadacharya composed karikas connecting the teaching in Mandukya Upanishad to that in the various other Upanishads

    •The karikas are in verse form

    •There are 215 karikas

    •Adi Shankaracharya has commented both on the Upanishad and the karikas.


    The Upanishad mantras along with the karikas are classified into four chapters:

    •Agama Prakaranam – 12 man­tras and 29 karikas

    •Vaitatya prakaranam – 38 karikas

    •Advaita prakaranam – 48 karikas

    •Alatishanti prakaranam – 100 karikas









    Om Puurnnam-Adah Puurnnam-Idam

    Puurnnaat-Purnnam-Udacyate

    PuurnnasyaPuurnnam-Aadaaya

    Puurnnam-Eva-Avashissyate ||

    Om ShaantihShaantihShaantih ||

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