The Forum

Contributed By Dr Thimappa Hegde Click Here for Lecture Video Click here for Vivekacudamani 108 selected verses. Sri Adi Sankara's popular text. Online talks by Swami Paramarthananda. Transcribed by Sri A. Venkatesan & Sri Balasubrahmanyam Pattoo available at arshaavinash.in Vivekachudamani – Class 10 22nd March 2021 Gannaanaam Tvaa Ganna-Patim Havaamahe Kavim Kaviinaam-Upama-Shravastamam | Jyessttha-Raajam Brahmannaam Brahmannaspata Aa Nah Shrnnvan-Uutibhih Siida Saadanam Om Mahaganadhipathayenamaha || Recap Dr. Thimappa Hegde Vivekachudamani •Prakaranagrantha with 581 verses •We are studying 108 verses •It is the gist of the Vedanta in a very systematic manner Rare & Difficult to get Durlabham • Manushyatvam •to be born as human • Mumukshutvam •intense desire for liberation • Mahapurusha samshraya taking refuge under a Guru Glory of Being Human- Only in the human birth one can hope for liberation. Mōkṣha should be the goal of our life. Mōkṣha can be attained only through jñānaṁ. Jñānaṁ can be attained only through śāstram; Śastram is meaningful only through a Guru. Qualified Guru and Qualified Disciple Mundakopanishad Verse 1.2.12 parīkṣya lokānkarmacitānbrāhmaṇo nirvedamāyānnāstyakṛtaḥ kṛtena | tadvijñānārthaṃ sa gurumevābhigacchet samitpāṇiḥśrotriyaṃbrahmaniṣṭham || 12 || We are the fortunate ones manuṣhyāṇāṁ sahasreṣhu kaśhchid yatati siddhaye yatatām api siddhānāṁ kaśhchinmāṁvettitattvataḥ Vivēkachūḍāmaṇi- I n the form of a Dialogue between a Guru and a Disciple 7 Questions &Elaborate Answers •Jeeva- Atma •Jagat- Anatma •Ishwara – Paramatma •Bandha- Bondage •Moksha- Liberation •Sadhana- Means 7th Bandha Prathiṣṭa •What nourishes this bondage •All the worldly activities nourishes the bondage •Avidya Kama Karma •Vichara destroys the bondage What is the cause of the bondage ? Śhankarāchārya says mistaking the body as myself is the cause of bondage. This is due to Self Ignorance What is the means of mōkṣḥa ? If I am not the body, who am I? Only by enquiry- Giving up of dēhaabhīmāna is mōkṣḥa Pancha Kosha Viveka Consciousness 1.Consciousness is not a part, product or property of the body. 2.Consciousness is an independent principle which pervades and enlivens the body. 3.Consciousness is not limited by the boundaries of the body. 4.Consciousness survives even after the fall of the body. 5.The surviving pure Consciousness is not accessible to anyone. It needs a medium to manifest. Existence 1.Existence is not a part, product or property of the body. 2.Existence is an independent principle which pervades and enlivens the body. 3.Existence is not limited by the boundaries of the body. 4.Existence survives even after the fall of the body. 5.The surviving pure Existence is not accessible to anyone. It needs a medium to manifest. Ananda 1.Ananda is not a part, product or property of the body. 2.Ananda is an independent principle which pervades and enlivens the body. 3.Ananda is not limited by the boundaries of the body. 4.Ananda survives even after the fall of the body. 5.The surviving pure Ananda is not accessible to anyone. It needs a medium to manifest. Verse 22 Upadesha Sara Pancha-Kosha-Viveka: The Method to Wake-up to the Atma विग्रहेन्द्रियप्राणधीतमः । नाहमेकसत्तज्जडं ह्यसत् ॥ २२॥ Vigrahendriya praana dheetamah Naham eka sat tad jadam hi asat Verse 55 (187) Contributed by Smt Mamatha Shankar Pancha kosha viveka - Vijnanamaya Kosha •Vijnanamaya Kosha ØPart of Pancha Kosha •Intellect, Rational Faculty •Ahankara/ego ØA part of Vijnanamaya Kosha Vijnanamaya Kosha • Annamaya - the physical hand • Pranamaya - painting using hand • Manomaya – the thought to paint • Vijnanamaya – Awareness that I am painting • Kartha and Bhokta • Jiva Vijnanamaya Kosha •Vijnanamaya Øperforms wordly interaction/activities •Result - good & bad actions •Law of karma ØKarma Phala •Punarjanma Verse 56 (206) Contributed by Dr. Sanjay Mehrotra Introduction •There are five Koshas which we have known from Tattvabodha – these are: Annamayah Kosha Manomayah Kosha Pranamayah Kosha Vijnanamayah Kosha Anandamayah kosha •A Jiva – Considers himself by mistake as physical body and becomes a Karta & a Bhokta and thus has to incur Karmaphala by which he obtains Papa & Punya which leads to Punarapi Jananam and Punarapi Maranam – the cycle of birth and death goes on. In a previous verse 188 of Viveka chudamani Shankaracharya says: Out of all the Koshas the Vijnanamaya kosha is the most brilliant and the Jiva considers himself this only. Why? Because of its extreme proximity to Paramatma, the Self. This is also the subtlest. This Jivatma which comprises Buddhi & Borrowed consciousness sees itself as a separate entity and believes to be Plural or separate from others. In the verse 206 Shankaracharya is saying the Vijnanamayah Kosha is not the Atma Shankaracharya here in this verse is stating that this Vijnanamaya kosha is not Paramatma This is also not Paramatma This vijnanamaya kosha Paramatma na syat For a Gyani – all the Koshas including the Vijnanamaya Kosha is not Atma! For an Agyani – All these Koshas are his self only, specially the Vijyanamaya kosha! The Vijnanamaya kosha is not me – it is anatma – because it is subject to change- vikāritvāt. Intellectual personality is subject to change- I am aware of this change – so I can not be what is changing. Atma is Nirvikarah – the Shruti says. •Vijnanamaya is also Jadam – jjadatvacca – Brain is only a Jada vastu – it is inert & is given sentience by the Atma • Paricchinnatvahetutah – mind and intellect (vijnanamaya kosha) are limited and Atma is limitless. • Drushyatvaat – Vijnanamayah kosha is an object of our senses – we are conscious of our intellect and hence can not be subject. • Vyabhichaaritvaat – it is not constantly present- the intellect is not serving all the time. In deep sleep it is not available – as it is not available all the time it cannot be Atma, vyabhichaaritvam means it disappears and appears. • Anityatvaat – it is not eternal, The intellect is mortal, changing and variable. This all means that Vijnanamaya kosha can not be the Self, the reality which is Eternals! Anityah vijnanamayah nityah atma na isyate na bhavathi - The impermanent Vijnanamaya cannot be permanent Atma. Hari Om! Verse 57 (207) Contributed by Dr. Kiran Anandamaya Kosha ānandapratibimbacumbitatanuḥ, vṛttistamojṛmbhitā syādānandamayaḥ priyādiguṇakaḥ sveṣṭā rthalābhodayaḥ Ipuṇyasyānubhave vibhāti kṛtinām, ānandarūpaḥ svayaṃ bhūtvā nandati yatra sādhu tanubhṛd-mātraḥ prayatnaṃ vinā II[mantra 57] [207] •Anandamaya Kosha is more subtler than Vijnanamaya Is ANANDA an experience? ● Now comes the bouncer? ● Is ananda an experience, Do we need mind to experience Ananda? ● NO- ● Why- ANANDA IS ATMA SWAROOPA- just like I do not need any proof for me to say I exist. I do not need any pramana for Ananda. Like burning of fire, illumination of light, like space ● Deep sleep is God’s way of showing it- NO EFFORT NEEDED ● Mind by its capacity to reflect alters this according to situation- Rajasic, tamasic Anandamaya ● In anandamaya kosha we experience happiness even though mind is absent ● There is only Atma + avidya ● Occurs due to punya- capacity to go to sleep- quietened mind needed for sleep ● So Ananda vrittis like Priya, Moda etc... belong to karana sharira and not mind ● Verse 58 (208) Contributed by Kum Deeksha Verse 59 (209) Contributed by Kum Vindhya Verse 60 (210) Contributed by Smt Triveni पञ्चानामपि कोशानां निषेधे युक्तितः श्रुतेः । तन्निषेधावधि साक्षी बोधरूपोऽवशिष्यते ॥ २१0 ॥ When all the five sheaths have been eliminated by the reasoning on Shruti passages, what remains as the culminating point of the process, is the Witness, the Knowledge Absolute – the Ātman. Shruti in Sanskrit means "that which is heard" and refers to the body of most authoritative, ancient religious texts comprising the central canon of Hinduism. The Shruti texts encompass 1. The four Vedas — Rigveda , Yajurveda , Samaveda , and Atharvaveda 2. The Samhitas 3. The Brahmanas 4. The Aranyakas 5. and The Upanishads Yukti means reasoning, argument, proof, influence, induction, deduction from circumstances etc Analysis of Princess of Kashi Story All great Masters love this story Why did the Prince’s desire disappear ? He realized that what he was seeking was not other than himself The Seeker is the Sought Om Puurnnam-Adah Puurnnam-Idam Puurnnaat-Purnnam-Udacyate PuurnnasyaPuurnnam-Aadaaya Puurnnam-Eva-Avashissyate || Om ShaantihShaantihShaantih ||

Contributed By Dr Thimappa Hegde Click Here for Lecture Video Click here for Vivekacudamani 108 selected verses. Sri Adi Sankara's popular text. Online talks by Swami Paramarthananda. Transcribed by Sri A. Venkatesan & Sri Balasubrahmanyam Pattoo available at arshaavinash.in Vivekachudamani – Class 9 15th March 2021 Summary of Previous class Dr Komal Prasad Introduction Contributed by Dr. Thimappa Hegde maharṣhīṇāṁ bhṛigur ahaṁ girām asmyekam akṣharam yajñānāṁ japa-yajño ’smi sthāvarāṇāṁ himālayaḥ - Brighu Valli. Taittiriya Upanishad Brighu ValliTaittiriya Panchakosha yatovāimānibhūtānijāyante | yenajātānijīvanti | yatprayantyabhisaṃviśanti | tadvijijñāsasva | tadbrahmeti || 3 || Verse 49 (166) Contributed by Smt Lakshmi Meaning The pranamaya kosha cannot be the Self because it is a modification of air (vayu). Like air it enters the body and goes out of it, never knowing it’s joys or sorrows or those of others. It is ever dependent upon the Self. Pranamaya-kosha • Product of Vayu, PanchabuthaVikara • Born out of RajoGuna of 5 Elements. • Modification of Vayu Tattvam (Aadhibhuta) • Once inside body... (Adhyatma Subjective) Prana Shakti. Verse 50 (167) Contributed by Dr. Anupama MANOMAYA KOSHA VIVEKA •Manomaya kosha consists of manah and pancha jnanendriyani: •The mind •The 5 sense organs of knowledge • Kosha mama aham iti vastu vikalpahetuhu: •Based on sentimental association, objects of the world [vastu] are divided [vikalpa] as mine [mama] or I [aham] TYPES OF ADHYASA •Sadatmya adhyasa =ahamkara sambandha = total identification •Samsarga adhyasa =mamakara sambandha = a simple relationship = pain of loss is less intense WHAT IS THE GENESIS OF THIS DIVISION? •Ans: SANJNYADI BHEDA KALANA KALITAH BALEEYAN • SANJYA = NAMA [name] • ADI = Etc =ROOPA [forms] • BHEDA = Particular • KALANA = Relationship or association • KALITAH = Preoccupied with or endowed with • BALEEYAN =Powerful •The world is full of objects [nama, roopa with desha, kala paricheda] •The mind perceives and registers all the worldly experiences •The world is stored as thoughts in the mind •I dwell upon this inner world and react with raga, dvesha, kama, krodha etc. •When these emotions overpower my intellect, the manomaya kosha becomes baleeyam—my controller instead of being my instrument Tat purvakoshamabhipurya yah vijrumbhate •Yah = the manomaya kosha •Tat Purva kosham = its previous kosha [pranamaya kosha] •Abhipurya = fills up with these faculties •Vijrumbhate = shines forth Adi Shankaracharya gives this Metaphor •Our whole LIFE = A fire ritual [Yaga] •Our MIND = Sacred fire [Agni ] •Our VASANAS = Fuel [Indhanam] •Our SENSE ORGANS = Priests [Hotha] •The SENSE OBJECTS = Oblation [Ajyam] Mind Mastery •Sadly this homa is life long [except in Sushupti] •This brilliant manomaya agni burns all of us mentally with sorrow, worry, depression anxiety etc. •This is SAMSARA TAPAH मन एव मनुष्याणां कारणं बन्धमोक्षयोः । •mana eva manushyanam •karanam bandha-mokshayoh Verse 51 (183) Contributed by Dr. Raksha Why Manomaya is not Paramātmā? •ādyantavatvāt •pariṇāmibhāvāt •duḥkhātmakatvād •viṣayatvahetoḥ Verse 52 (184) Contributed by Kum Veeksha Verse 53 (185) Contributed by Dr. Bhaskar MANAH KARANAM, KARTA KARANAM PUMSAH SAMSARA KARANAM Vijnanamaya kosha is naturally ‘inert’ “ ACHETANA PANCHABHUTANI BHOUDIKATVAT JADA” Because of its subtle nature Reflects “Atmachaitanyam” ATMA – NIRGUNAM , NISHKALAM , ASANGAM, SARVAGATAM , EKAM • अनुव्रज च्चित्प्रतिबिम्बशक्तिः विज्ञानसंज्ञः प्रकृतेर्विकारः । ज्ञानक्रियावानहमि त्यजस्रं देहेन्द्रियादिष्वभिमन्यते भृशम् ॥ १८५ ॥ • This knowledge sheath, which seems to be followed by a reflection of the power of the Chit, is a modification of the Prakriti , is endowed with the function of knowledge, and always wholly identifies itself with the body, organs , etc. REFLECTED CONSCIOUSNESS •Reflected consciousness becomes the secondary source of consciousness, starts THINKING, PLANNING, ACTING • Starts JANA KARIYAN JANECCHAPRAYATNA is LIFE •Later know to be ‘ ’SEEMINGLY EXISTING CATEGORY ” AHAM ITI ABHIMANYATE • Jiva endowed with JNANA pursuit develops ‘ AHAM ITI ’ AHAMKARA , EGO , ‘I” Notion • Ajasram means constantly there. • ANUVARJA means always behind •So, wherever RC is there, there is Buddhi and wherever buddhi is there, reflection is also there FUNDAMENTAL ERROR •This is where the fundamental error occurs instead of claiming my REAL NATURE , I claim the reflected consciousness as my real nature •So DehaindryadisuAbimanyate •Not a casual identification. BHRASAM means intensely and forcibly Eg; UDUMBO mountain lizard •So, this error is BEGINNINGLESS •Reflected consciousness is a confusion between ATMA and ANATMA • Real transference impossible , ATMA is ASANGHA •So the feeling of I ness and My ness is created ,the mechanism of Samsara. •This fundamental error ends with attainment of NIRVIKALPAKA JNANAM. Verse 54 (186) Contributed by Smt Vasantha अनादिकालोऽयमहंस्वभाव: जीवस्समस्तव्यवहारवोढा । करोति कर्माण्यपि पूर्ववासन: पुण्यान्यपुण्यानि च तत्फलानि ।।५४।। The Vijnanamaya kosha has identified itself with the ‘I’ thought and ‘I’ vasana since time immemorial. So ahamkara or ‘I’ness has become second nature to it and is inseparable from it. Calling itself jiva, ahamkara performs all transactions of life. It is heavily influenced by the vasanas of previous births as it carries out all secular and spiritual actions and accumulates virtues and sins and their resulting fruits or karmaphalani. Analysis of the Golden Buddha Story • Ajnanam - Ignorance of my true nature • Adhyasa – wrong identification with the body • Naham Deham • Need a Guru and Shraddha in Guru •Guru reveals your true self with Shastras • Prathasmarami, Atma Tattvam, See GB in all • Om Puurnnam-Adah Puurnnam-Idam Puurnnaat-Purnnam-Udacyate PuurnnasyaPuurnnam-Aadaaya Puurnnam-Eva-Avashissyate || Om ShaantihShaantihShaantih ||

23/4/2021 Link to session 1 - To be avail soon